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關於給寶貝的牙齒做窩溝封閉保護,家長想了解的所有信息都在這份清單里,建

منشور من طرف vickong pun     ١٣ يوليو، ٢٠٢١    

الجسم

關於給寶貝的牙齒做窩溝封閉保護,家長想了解的所有信息都在這份清單里,建

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        


                                            牙


                                    

                                

                            

                        

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                                        


                                            醫說:“窩溝封閉是送給孩子最好的防齲禮物”,甚至比喻是一種“防齲疫苗”。


                                        


                                            通過這麼多年的普及,“窩溝封閉”幾乎算是當前家長接受度最高的一個牙科專業詞彙了。雖然它的名字經常被叫錯成“窩窩封閉”,“溝窩封閉”等等。


                                        


                                            當然,也有一些對窩溝封閉的疑慮或者誤解,比如:


                                        


                                            


                                    

                                

                            

                            

                                

                                    

                                        

                                            

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                                

                                                        

                                                    

                                                

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                                

                                                        

                                                    

                                                

                                                

                                                    

                                                        

                                                            

                                                                

                                                        

                                                    

                                                

                                            

                                        

                                        

                                            

                                                

                                                    

                                            

                                        

                                    

                                

                            

                            

                                

                                    

                                        


                                            


                                    

                                

                            

                            

                                

                                    

                                        


                                            關於窩溝封閉的科普材料是非常多的,表現形式也非常豐富。我在查詢了大量的文獻后,吸收了很多前輩的經驗,盡可能的提煉出乾貨,並用最簡單粗暴的“清單體”分享給大家,希望對粑粑麻麻們有所幫助。


                                    

                                

                            

                            

                                

                                    

                                        


                                            


                                    

                                

                            

                        

                        

                            

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            窩溝封閉到底是什麼?個人覺得把名字多加幾個字更容易理解,“把窩溝用特殊材料封閉起來”。我們的牙齒有2個地方最容易殘留食物殘渣,且不容易清潔的死角,一是牙縫,二是窩溝(您拿鏡子觀察一下後面大牙咬合面,會發現是凹凸不平坑坑窪窪的,那凹陷的部位就叫做“窩溝”)。前者可以通過牙線搞定,後者主要靠“認真”“有效”刷牙。但對我們絕大部分孩子來說,窩溝天然就發育得比較深,但認真又有效的刷牙是很難做到,相當於“我要堅持跑步”這個口號一樣。五六十年前,有些聰明人就想到,如果我們人為地把“溝”這個重災區填平(封閉)一些,不是就不容易殘留污垢,從而降低蛀牙的風險了嗎。這一嘗試發現還真的那麼回事,最後世界衛生組織就向全球兒童推薦了它,認為它既經濟又有效,能降低齲齒(蛀牙)的發生率。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            做了窩溝封閉是不是就不會蛀牙,孩子的牙齒進了保險箱呢?這個還真不敢這麼說!窩溝封閉是對一顆牙齒的重災區(窩溝)進行保護,但是牙齒的其它部位如果刷不幹凈,照樣會蛀牙的啊。就像你把房子的門鎖的很牢固了,但是賊還可能從窗戶或者屋頂進來偷東西的哦。而且窩溝封閉也可能發生脫落,暴露出被保護的窩溝了,讓其重新置於風險之中。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            納尼,窩溝封閉還會脫落?是啊,任何充填物都有可能發生脫落的風險哦,可能是部分脫落,也可能是全部脫落。脫落是一個客觀存在的問題,和很多因素有關的。完成窩溝封閉有一個標準的操作規範和流程,任何一步出現問題都可能造成脫落。大部分的窩溝封閉劑對“隔濕”是要求比較高的,如果是孩子配合度不高,被唾液等污染就更容易發生脫落現象了。時間也是一個因素,隨着牙齒的發育,使用過程的磨耗等也可能導致脫落。醫生的規範操作以及材料選擇也是非常重要的因素。大量文獻統計數據显示,窩溝封閉術后,留存率在90%以上。當然醫生都會教會您看懂做了窩溝封閉的牙齒是什麼效果,比如窩溝上有淡淡白色,這樣平時您在家就可以觀察一下是否這個顏色還在,如果不在了可能就是脫落了。當然,最保險的辦法就是定期複查,讓醫生檢查一下。如果真的脫落了,而且窩溝還比較深,還是會建議重新窩溝封閉一次,根據不同情況可能會收取部分或者重新收費的。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            如果窩溝已經發生了齲壞,是否還有窩溝封閉的必要呢?這個嘛就要看具體的情況了,齲壞的部分只能去腐后充填或者治療了。咬合面上其他位置若還有比較深的窩溝,則需要再把窩溝再封閉起來。如果窩溝裏面已經發生了齲壞,沒有診斷清楚,也沒有處理好,即使做了窩溝,已經存在裏面的蛀牙細菌就有可能繼續向深的方向進展下去,發生窩溝表面看起來好好的,結果底下蛀牙了。所有要求操作的醫生要細心,耐心,經驗豐富。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            如果您已經看到這裏,我就嘗試回答一下文章開頭的截圖“疑問”——為什麼做了窩溝封閉的牙齒髮生了嚴重蛀牙,而沒有做窩溝封閉的牙齒卻沒有蛀牙?文中媽媽得的“推論”(發生齲壞都是窩溝封閉造成的)其實首先在邏輯上是無法成立的(A=“做窩溝封閉”,B=“蛀牙”,因“A則B” 且 “非A則非B”,所以“A則B”),並沒有區別“事實”和“觀點”,其次此處用1個個案得出普遍性的結論也是不合理的。小朋友窩溝下面蛀牙(隱形蛀牙)如此嚴重,可能原因之一是窩溝封閉前的診斷有誤,以及對窩溝的清潔以及齲壞的處理不徹底,具體的可以在看上一條的解釋。可能原因之二發展了疼痛這個階段應該是比較長時間,如果患者有定期複查,訓練有素的醫生是可以發現隱形性齲壞的。另外,很多文獻都證明窩溝封閉后的患齲率會顯著降低的,這裏再附2篇文獻的統計結果,供大家參考。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

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                                            “實施窩溝封閉之後的半年和一年進行回訪檢查,檢查結果显示,治療組的50例兒童的140顆牙齒有4顆和7顆發生了齲齒,齲齒髮生率為2.86%和5.0%。而對照組未實施窩溝封閉治療,經過半年和一年的檢查結果显示,對照組50例兒童的135顆健康六齡齒有16顆和21顆發生了齲齒,齲齒髮生率為11.85%和15.55%。”


                                    

                                

                            

                        

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            一般什麼時候可以做窩溝封閉呢?以前一般推薦做6周歲的4顆“六齡牙”(是恆牙,不會換,不會換,不會換,重要的事情重複3遍)和12周歲的4顆第二恆磨牙。若前磨牙的窩溝深,也是建議做的。但目前的共識是:在條件允許的情況下,也建議在三四周歲的時候對8顆乳磨牙也保護起來,因為第一乳磨牙一般會使用到9周歲左右,第二乳牙磨牙會到12周歲左右才會換,而現在的孩子吃的挺好的,精細的多,粗的吃得少,其實這都是增加了患齲的幾率的。所以一般推薦是三周歲,六周歲,十二周歲三次了(孩子的長牙順序並非嚴格按照教科書,還是要根據個體的情況)。而且醫生也會在整個牙面都萌出后再做的,如果才萌出一半那就再等等吧。


                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            我是要等孩子的磨牙(大牙)全部長出來去做,還是長一顆保護一顆呢?我的建議是從孩子的配合度和齲易感程度綜合考慮。如果配合度高,齲易感風險程度也低,那等全部萌出后再一次完成吧。如果齲風險程度較高,或者孩子配合度較低,每次堅持乖乖看牙的時間短,那也可以萌出一顆就保護一顆了。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            做窩溝封閉要耗時多久呢?如前所述,窩溝封閉其實是有好幾個標準步驟的,如果配合,一顆牙齒只要幾分鐘就好了。但是,如果配合度不佳,在某一個步驟無法做到位,就需要重新來過,一直循環,所以也可能出現半個小時1顆也做不成功的情況。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            成人還要不要做窩溝封閉?大部分的人隨着發育,以及正常磨耗,會讓窩溝逐漸變淺,變得很容易清潔,這樣就不用做窩溝封閉了。但是我們也發現,有少數的成人也還保留着很深的窩溝,刷得又不認真,經常有藏一些“寶貝”在裏面,這個時候就建議保護一下。如果自己看不懂,找您的牙科醫生檢查一下就明白了。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            孩子做窩溝封閉會疼,會難受嗎?其實整個治療過程並不具有創傷性,不需要磨牙齒,肯定不會疼的。但過程中會有水,如果配合吸唾管就會自然把水吸走了,如果不配合可能會嗆到。會放棉花或橡皮帳,會被吹氣,還需要張着嘴不能動一小會,如果用舌頭去舔感覺有味道。這些小“困難”是必須面對的。相對於治療項目來說,這些保護措施都是最舒適的了。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            做了窩溝封閉會不會抬高咬合,造成關節問題?還是如前面所言,窩溝封閉其實是一系列標準的操作步驟,訓練有素的牙醫一般最後一步都會檢查咬合。像窩溝封閉這類充填操作,並不是像我們馬路鋪水泥一樣弄得平平的,它是一個精細活,是需要建立在保留正常的咬合關係基礎上,讓上下牙的像齒輪一下“尖窩相對”,達到很好的咀嚼食物的目的。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            窩溝封閉脫落後是否更容易蛀牙?沒有存在這樣的說法的,通常窩溝封閉前需要酸蝕牙面,讓牙面呈白堊色,然後再塗上封閉劑,光照,若封閉劑脫落,酸蝕過的牙面暴露在唾液中,唾液的礦物質會中和酸,酸蝕面會再次礦化,所以不用擔心噠!當然,窩溝封閉材料的不同,醫生的操作規範性不同,臨床效果的確有所區別。不管怎麼樣,定期複查都是非常關鍵的,個人建議剛剛做好的前幾天要重點監督一下,以後養成3-6個月拜訪牙醫定期複查的習慣。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            塗氟了還需要做窩溝封閉嗎?這兩者都是目前很好的防齲措施,塗氟一般針對全口所有牙齒,所有的牙面進行防護,窩溝封閉主要是對重災區“窩溝”對保護。就像洗衣服一樣,整個衣服都需要洗,但是對領口袖口這些特別的地方還需要加強洗滌,一樣的道理啦,不衝突。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


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                            窩溝封閉貴嗎?如果孩子刷牙很認真很有效,齲易感易感風險度也低,大可不用“浪費”這個費用。如果做不到的話,還是建議保護起來了。因為任何醫療服務,預防的成本肯定會遠遠低於治療的成本等。每一家醫療機構會根據區域特點,環境,材料,技術等因素不同定價。


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        END


                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    

                            

                        

                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        


                            


                    

                

            

            

                

                    

                        

                            

                                

                            

                        

                            

                                

                            

                        

                            

                    

                    

                        

                            

                                

                                    


                                        親愛的粑粑麻麻們,這一字字碼出來的文章如果對您有幫助,歡迎轉發哦。


                                    


                                        如果您有什麼意見或建議,歡迎留言交流。


                                    


                                        如有任何不足或錯誤,歡迎廣大同仁批評指正。


                                    


                                        


                                

                            

                        

                    

                    

                        

                            
                            

                                

                        

                        

                            
                            

                                

                        

                        

                            

                    

                

            

        

    


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