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Penetration Testing Methodologies
Posted By trilight security
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Each penetration testing methodology has its specific use cases and benefits. Organizations should select among penetration testing methodologies based on their security goals, technical environment, and compliance requirements.
Different methodologies exist for penetration testing different digital assets. In the brief overview below, we will discuss their focus, strengths, and weaknesses.
OWASP Penetration Testing Methodology
The OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) Penetration Testing Methodology is one of the most well-known methodologies for pen testing. It provides a structured framework for assessing the security of web applications (there are other methodologies for, say, mobile application pentests). OWASP is widely used for identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring the reliability of web software. The OWASP Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG) is central to this methodology, outlining specific tests and tools for detecting security issues in web applications.
This methodology mostly focuses on a black-box approach, simulating an external attack without prior knowledge of the internal structure of the application. It emphasizes the use of practical tools and techniques, covering areas like input validation, authentication, session management, and business logic testing. It is instrumental in strengthening the application’s security posture against modern cyber threats.
OWASP does provide comprehensive coverage, as it Includes all major aspects of web application security, from technical vulnerabilities to business logic issues. It is freely available, making it accessible to organizations of all sizes and there are regular updates to it that ensure it reflects the latest in web application security.
However, OWASP utilization depends heavily on the tester's expertise and experience in applying the framework effectively. Also, it is less suited for testing other domains.
NIST SP 800-115 Penetration Testing Methodolog
NIST SP 800-115, titled "Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment," provides a structured framework for conducting penetration testing and other security assessments. It is aimed at helping organizations evaluate the effectiveness of their security controls by simulating real-world attacks. The methodology covers three phases, such as 1) Planning, which accounts for defining objectives and scope; establishing roles, responsibilities, and rules of engagement; and identifying targets and constraints. 2) Execution, which accounts for performing information gathering and vulnerability identification; exploiting vulnerabilities to demonstrate their potential impact; and documenting findings in real-time for accuracy. 3) Post-Execution, which accounts for analyzing results to prioritize remediation efforts and delivering a comprehensive report with detailed findings, risks, and mitigation strategies.
NIST SP 800-115 is characterized by a comprehensive scope as it addresses various testing techniques, including network, application, and physical security assessment guidelines. It promotes consistency across testing teams and environments as well as clear remediation steps and prioritization of risks.
However, while detailed, it may lack specific technical steps for unique environments. Also, it’s quite resource-intensive: requires skilled personnel and significant time investment for effective execution.
SANS Penetration Testing Framework
SANS Penetration Testing Methodology is derived from best practices taught by the SANS Institute, a leader in cybersecurity training and certifications. This methodology provides a structured approach to ethical hacking and is widely used for identifying vulnerabilities and simulating real-world attacks. It is often paired with SANS courses like SEC560 (Network Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking) and SEC542 (Web App Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking).
The mthodology includes such steps as: 1) Reconnaissance: gathering open-source intelligence (OSINT) to understand the target environment; 2) Scanning: identifying live hosts, open ports, and services through tools like Nmap; 3) Exploitation: using vulnerabilities found during scanning to gain unauthorized access; 4) Post-Exploitation: maintaining access, escalating privileges, and pivoting to other systems. 5) Reporting: documenting findings, risks, and mitigation strategies.
This penetration testing framework is distinguished by its practicality. It focuses on real-world scenarios and hands-on techniques. Also, it covers all major aspects of penetration testing, from reconnaissance to reporting, and is supported by extensive SANS training programs and certifications. On the other hand, it requires skilled testers and extensive time investment. Also, it relies heavily on tools like Metasploit and Burp Suite, which may limit creativity in certain scenarios.
CREST Penetration Testing Methodology
CREST (Council of Registered Ethical Security Testers) penetration testing is a standardized and globally recognized methodology for conducting penetration tests. It ensures that tests are performed by certified professionals who follow consistent, detailed, and ethical procedures to evaluate an organization's cybersecurity posture. CREST accreditation guarantees high-quality, precise, and trustworthy testing.
CREST-certified penetration testing involves simulated cyberattacks authorized by the client to assess vulnerabilities in IT systems, networks, and applications. The methodology emphasizes robust documentation, pre-engagement planning, and adherence to ethical and professional standards.
It is a credible methodology: CREST-certified testers and organizations ensure globally recognized standards of professionalism and expertise. It covers various areas including network, application, and infrastructure testing; ensures detailed and actionable reporting, aiding stakeholders in implementing corrective measures.
It should be noted that CREST-certified services can be expensive due to rigorous certification and resource requirements. The certification process and execution can take longer compared to non-standardized methodologies.
The above methodologies can be used for different types of penetration testing, such as web or mobile. A professional penetration testing company can follow these standards when working with end clients or its white label partners leveraging its expertise for the benefit of general cybersecurity.
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